Evaluación de la ansiedad en los estudiantes de Odontología durante la pandemia de la COVID-19 / Assessment of anxiety in dental students during the Covid-19 pandemic

La pandemia por COVID-19 ha tenido un gran impacto en la actividad dental, y grandes repercusiones en la educa ción dental. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la presencia de ansiedad en los estudiantes de odontología durante el primer confinamiento por la COVID-19, y estudiar su relación con factores sociode mográficos, la sintomatología relacionada con la enfermedad, la realización de cua rentena y el miedo a contraer la enferme dad.Se realizó un estudio observacional y transversal con un cuestionario donde se registraron los datos marcados en los objetivos y se realizó la escala de ansie dad generalizada (GAD-7). El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante la prue ba Chi-cuadrado de Pearson, la prueba exacta de Fisher y un análisis de regre sión lineal multivariante.Los resultados mostraron unos niveles elevados de ansiedad, siendo los estudiantes ≥26 años, las mujeres y los que guardaron cuarentena los que presentaron mayor ansiedad. La realización de pruebas diagnósticas supuso una disminución del nivel de ansiedad.Los estudiantes de odontología se vieron directamente afectados durante el confinamiento, siendo necesario implementar medidas como la realización de estudios que valoren su evolución a lo largo de los siguientes cursos, desde el punto de vista de su salud mental y desarrollo curricular (AU)

Dental activity and education have been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anxiety levels in dental students during the first confinement due to COVID-19, and to analyze its relationship with sociodemographic factors, disease-related symptoms, the carrying out of quarantine and fear of contracting the disease. An observational and cross-sectional study was carried out through a questionnaire, which the previously mentioned data were recorded and anxiety was evaluated using the generalized anxiety scale (GAD-7). Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson’s Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and multivariate linear regression analysis. The results showed high levels of anxiety, furthermore, the students ≥26 years old, women and those who were in quarantine had the highest anxiety. Diagnostic testing led to a decrease in the level of anxiety. Dentistry students were directly affected during the confinement, and it is necessary to implement measures such as studies to assess their evolution throughout the following courses, from the point of view of their mental health and curricular development (AU)

Socket shield technique: A systematic review of human studies.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Alveolar bone resorption after dental extraction frequently leads to situations in which long-term function and esthetic success of rehabilitations with dental implants is a challenge. Socket shield has been described as an alternative technique to maintain the alveolar ridge when placing immediate implants. The aim of this review is to evaluate the medium- and long-term clinical outcomes of the socket shield technique in human studies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. An electronic search was conducted in four databases: (1) The National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE/PubMed) via Ovid; (2) Web of Science (WOS); (3) SCOPUS; and (4) Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). The Cochrane Collaboration tool, the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale and The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool were used to assess the quality of evidence in the studies reviewed. RESULTS: Six articles were included in this review. The studies analysed showed lower rates of horizontal and vertical alveolar bone resorption, better maintenance of the buccal plate, less marginal bone loss and better esthetic results than simple placement of immediate implants. However, a lack of homogeneity was found in evaluation methods of the different outcomes, surgical procedures and prosthetic management. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this review, it is possible to suggest that socket shield technique could be a good alternative in terms of alveolar bone maintenance, marginal bone stability and aesthetic outcomes in immediate implant treatment. However, it is not possible to recommend this technique as an alternative treatment with the same long-terms predictability as conventional immediate implants.

Nuevos anticoagulantes orales: repercusión odontológica / Novel Oral Anticoagulants: Dental impact

Durante los últimos años se está incrementando el número de pacientes con problemas cardiovasculares que acuden a la consulta odontológica. Las patologías cardiovasculares más prevalentes son: la hipertensión, la cardiopatía isquémica y las arritmias, siendo la fibrilación auricular (FA) la arritmia más frecuente. Uno de los pilares fundamentales de la atención médica en los pacientes con FA es la prevención del ictus de origen tromboembólico, por su gravedad y su potencial prevención mediante fármacos anticoagulantes. Los dicumarínicos han sido los anticoagulantes más usados durante los últimos 50 años, sin embargo, la llegada de los nuevos anticoagulantes orales (NACOs), avalados mediante ensayos clínicos en más de 50.000 pacientes, ha supuesto una revolución en la terapéutica cardiovascular, que está cambiando las recomendaciones de las guías internacionales de práctica clínica para el tratamiento de la FA. Por ello, la terapia anticoagulante con los NACOs, supone actualmente un reto en la actitud terapéutica de los odontólogos y deberíamos familiarizarnos con su protocolo de manejo, pues aún siendo fármacos muy seguros podrían complicar una situación hemorrágica, ya que no tienen antídoto (excepto el Dabigatran). El propósito de esta revisión es realizar una puesta al día acerca de los nuevos anticoagulantes orales y su repercusión en el tratamiento odontológico. Se revisan los fármacos Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban y Apixaban, sus propiedades farmacológicas, sus indicaciones y contraindicaciones, así como el protocolo a seguir ante una intervención que produzca sangrado en la cavidad oral (AU)

During the last years, cardiovascular patients who come to the dental office are increasing. The more prevalent cardiovascular pathologies are: hypertension, ischemic heart disease and rhythm alterations. Atrial fibrillation is the most frequent arrythmia. One of the most important bases in the medical attention in atrial fibrillation patients is the thromboembolic stroke prophylaxis, due to its importance and its potential prevention through anticoagulant drugs. The dicumarinics have been the most used anticoagulant drugs during the last 50 years, in order to prevent the embolism events. However, the arrival of novel oral anticoagulants (in English named “direct oral anticoagulants” or DOAC), warranted by clinical trials that involved more than 50.000 patients, has caused a revolution in the cardiovascular therapy; thus, the international guides recommendations for the atrial fibrillation treatment are changing. Therefore, the anticoagulant therapy with the DOAC constitutes a challenge in the dentist's therapeutic attitude, and we would become familiar with its management protocol. They are safety drugs, although they could complicate an hemorrhagic situation, because they have no antidote (except Dabigatran). The objective of this review is to perform an update about the DOAC and its repercussion on the odontological treatment. Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban and Apixaban are reviewed, and also their pharmacologic properties, indications and contraindications, highlighting the protocol to follow in a potential hemorrhagic surgical procedure in the oral cavity (AU)

Plasma rico en plaquetas: fundamentos biológicos y aplicaciones en cirugía maxilofacial y estética facial / Platelet-rich plasma: biology and applications in maxillofacial surgery and facial aesthetics

Esta revisión presenta el uso del preparado de plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP) como una herramienta potenciadora de ciertas características histológicas de los tejidos conformados por células con receptores para los factores de crecimiento plaquetarios. Se ha realizado una revisión sobre el plasma rico en plaquetas de la literatura publicada en PubMed. Se describen los fundamentos biológicos del PRP a nivel celular, la técnica de obtención, y sus usos clínicos en la actualidad(AU)

This review shows platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) as an enhancer of the histological characteristics of the tissues with platelet-derived growth factor receptors. A review has been made of the literature on the platelet-rich plasma published in PubMed. The article describes the cellular biology of PRP, the technique for obtaining it, and its clinical applications(AU)

Lipoescultura facial: técnica quirúrgica y revisión bibliográfica / Facial liposculpture: surgical technique and literature review

Esta revisión presenta la infiltración de grasa autóloga como un procedimiento de gran utilidad para el relleno de las partes blandas faciales con objetivos estéticos o reconstructivos. Se ha realizado una revisión sobre los procedimientos de lipoescultura de la literatura publicada en PubMed. Se describen la técnica de Coleman, la técnica subdérmica, y la infiltración intramuscular, así como sus principales modificaciones, y los agentes estudiados y usados para incrementar la tasa de mantenimiento del injerto graso(AU)

This review shows that autologous fat grafting is useful for filling the soft tissues of the face for cosmetic and reconstructive purposes. The literature on liposculpture techniques published on PubMed was reviewed. The Coleman technique, subdermal technique, and intramuscular infiltration are described, in addition to their primary modifications, and the agents used to improve fat graft maintenance were studied(AU)

Autogenus calvarium bone grafting as a treatment for severe bone resorptionin the upper maxilla: A case report

Atrophic maxilla rehabilitation has been the subject of several studies for decades; despite this, there are still manydifferent therapeutic choices for the best way to treat maxillary resorption in order to enable implant placementand integration. These possibilities include the optimal use of remaining bone structures, such as the pterygoidprocesses or zygomatic arch, which involves using zygomaticus and pterygoid implants in combination with standardimplants placed in the residual bone; alternatively, regenerative techniques, alveolar bone expansion/distractionor bone grafting techniques may be used. Severe maxillary atrophy has a multifactorial aetiology; the mostimportant factors being long evolution edentulism, hyperpneumatization of the maxillary sinus, post-traumaticdeficit, bone loss after surgery (tumours, cysts) and periodontal problems or infection. In this report, we present aclinical case of onlay block reconstruction in an atrophic maxilla with harvested cranial calvarium bone grafts forsuccessful future implant-supported oral rehabilitation (AU)

Autogenous calvarium bone grafting as a treatment for severe bone resorption in the upper maxilla: a case report.

Atrophic maxilla rehabilitation has been the subject of several studies for decades; despite this, there are still many different therapeutic choices for the best way to treat maxillary resorption in order to enable implant placement and integration. These possibilities include the optimal use of remaining bone structures, such as the pterygoid processes or zygomatic arch, which involves using zygomaticus and pterygoid implants in combination with standard implants placed in the residual bone; alternatively, regenerative techniques, alveolar bone expansion/distraction or bone grafting techniques may be used. Severe maxillary atrophy has a multifactorial aetiology; the most important factors being long evolution edentulism, hyperpneumatization of the maxillary sinus, post-traumatic deficit, bone loss after surgery (tumours, cysts) and periodontal problems or infection. In this report, we present a clinical case of onlay block reconstruction in an atrophic maxilla with harvested cranial calvarium bone grafts for successful future implant-supported oral rehabilitation.